What Does It Mean to Scale a Product When, How, and Why Do It?

Duality between multiple scales (top) and single scale (bottom) for multi-resolution representation. A low-pass pyramid is a set of images with progressively more smoothing and reduced spatial resolution. This smoothed image is then subsampled, most commonly by a factor of two in both the horizontal and vertical directions (in this case, it is referred to as a dyadic structure). The same filtering and subsampling operations are then applied again on the resulting image, in a recursive way. ” As the name suggests, having a true zero allows you to calculate ratios of your values. For example, if you have a population of fifty people, you can say that this is half the size of a country with a population of one hundred.

TexGen was used for analysis of a 3D textile composite by Zeng et al. (2014), and for 2D textiles and a braided textile composite by Schultz and Garnich (2013). Prediction of correct elastic properties is relatively straightforward and requires only a geometrical model with correct fibre volume fraction and local fibre orientations. The problem of the control rod assemblies was detected in USA in 1983 and in France in 1986 (De Perthuis et al., 1995). It is composed of a complete control assembly with its driving mechanism and guides. The water flow rate is also representative of a real plant but not the temperature (characterizations are made at a temperature up to 80 °C). It appears that the vibration amplitude depends on the position of the tube in the assembly, and that the higher the motion amplitude, the higher the wear rates measured.

4.3 Large-scale BEM models for CNT composites

Through the America Makes project, production side research groups manufactured a number of geometries which were then used for validation of LPBF processes by additive manufacturing simulation software companies. This work describes one of the most difficult to model Inconel® 625 geometries from production at the General Electric Global Research Center (GEGRC) and simulated using Netfabb Simulation by Autodesk Inc. This is because gender is a categorical variable that has no inherent order or ranking.

A company can create a diseconomy of scale when it becomes too large and chases an economy of scale. Internal functions include accounting, information technology, and marketing, which are also considered operational efficiencies and synergies. ● Scale is the relationship of the size of a map to the amount of area it
represents on Earth.

Which descriptive statistics can I apply on my data?

You may have an excellent product and you have received great responses from the market. Sales have been great and you see many more potential customers in the pipeline. Outsourcing functional services make costs more similar across businesses of various sizes. These functional services include accounting, human resources, marketing, treasury, legal, and information technology. As mentioned above, there are two different types of economies of scale.

It is not possible to perform mathematical operations on gender values. This is because age has a true zero point, which means that a value of zero represents the absence of age. In addition, it is possible to perform mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on age values. In a dataset where you have an odd number of responses (as with ours, where we’ve imagined a small, hypothetical sample of thirty), the median is the middle number. In a dataset with an even number of responses, the median is the mean of the two middle numbers.

Multiscale Modeling of CNT Composites using Molecular Dynamics and the Boundary Element Method

The interval level is a numerical level of measurement which, like the ordinal scale, places variables in order. Unlike the ordinal scale, however, the interval scale has a known and equal distance between each value on the scale (imagine the points on a thermometer). So, although the ordinal level of measurement is more precise than the nominal scale, it’s still a qualitative measure and thus not as precise or informative as the interval and ratio scales. If you’re more interested in details about something in a particular place or area, you’ll see maps more focused on information than distances. These maps use relative scales, which are also called scales of analysis, to show us how much information we’re lumping together into a single unit, such as a county, a state, or a nation. This is called the level of aggregation, which is basically the measure of how much detail we get at once and how big of a unit at which we are looking.

Automatic geometry refinement of yarn cross-sections ensures the absence of yarn interpenetrations. WiseTex software is based on a mechanical approach using the principle of minimum mechanical energy (Lomov et al., 2000). Using the data about a weaving pattern and mechanical behaviour of dry yarns, WiseTex software can accurately predict yarn paths. However, experimental determination of mechanical behaviour of dry yarns requires additional studies and can be a challenging problem.

Is gender nominal or ordinal?

Tests performed on tribometers in PWR conditions like Aurore (AREVA NP) that will be described in Section 15.4. The environment is simulated using autoclaves for the temperature and pressure parameters and experiments are performed in aqueous solution containing the same chemical https://wizardsdev.com/en/news/multiscale-analysis/ compounds as the primary coolant. The contact kinematics are simulated taking into account results on dedicated loops (the MAGALY mock-up for instance). When gathering data, you collect different types of information, depending on what you hope to investigate or find out.

• More specifically, in [77], a strategy is described which returns to coarser resolution levels when the current estimate is unreliable.
• When we zoom out on the satellite image to a much higher elevation, we lose a lot of specific details to look at a much wider area.
• The 4 most common types of scales of analysis in AP Human Geography are local, national, regional, & global.
• It can also help us to identify the appropriate level of intervention or action needed to address a particular issue.
• Geographers analyze relationships among and between places to reveal important spatial patterns.

The local scale of analysis refers to the level of a particular community or neighborhood. It is a relatively small scale that focuses on issues and problems that affect a specific place or group of people. While most proposed multi-resolution approaches follow the coarse-to-fine processing described above, some techniques have also been proposed which include fine-to-coarse steps. More specifically, in [77], a strategy is described which returns to coarser resolution levels when the current estimate is unreliable. In [82], a multi-grid block matching technique is described, which combines coarse-to-fine and fine-to-coarse steps in order to avoid local minima.

Image sequence or video fusion is an application of great practical importance. Efficiency is vital as up to 30 fused images are produced each second which precludes the use of some algorithms that work well on still images, most importantly many of the multi-scale approaches. We consider efficient Bi-Scale Fusion (BSF) scheme specifically designed for video fusion, Figure 18.8 [7], within the continuous adaptive fusion framework. BSF decomposes images into only two ranges of scale using sub-optimal but extremely efficient uniform templates with spectral separation directly determined by the size of the template. Residual low pass images are fused as a weighted sum, Equation (18.9), while detail images are combined in a select absolute max fashion [7].

The digital chain element method can be useful in prediction of complex geometries when a textile pre-processor fails to predict the correct geometry (Green et al., 2014a). In summary, multi-resolution or multi-scale motion estimation approaches are very appealing, as they result in more robust and accurate motion vector fields. Moreover, this performance gain is obtained with a reduced computational complexity. However, a drawback of many approaches is that the obtained motion field is overly smooth and sometimes fails to accurately represent detailed structures and small moving objects. Level of measurement, also known as scale of measurement, refers to the process of categorizing data based on the characteristics and properties of the data. It is important in statistics because it helps determine the appropriate statistical methods and tests that can be used to analyze the data.